There are a.o. two kind of registers that you can consult with emigration.
In the Nederlands that is the 'bevolkingsregister', and in America there is the register of Naturalisation.
In the Netherlands a good registration method was the socalled 'Bevolkingsregister'. These records were kept from 1811. In there it will say when somebody left the city. If he or she left the country, it will usually tell you to which country he or she emigrated. Some of those records you will find online in searchable databases.
inGeneas
Dedicated to helping you find your canadian roots.
The inGeneas Immigration database contains various immigration records - other than passenger lists - from between 1748 and 1855. This database now holds almost 20,000 records.
On arrival people had to go to the 'Naturalisation Office'. In the USA, women first became naturalised when they got the right to vote (around 1918).